The balustrade is the handrail system alongside the stairs that also functions as a barrier to stop people from falling.

Balusters are the vertical spindles that are used to support the handrail. Balusters can be straight, twisted or any number of other designs. There is a maximum distance apart from each other that balustrades can be according to building regulations.

A newel is the large post used to support the handrail. A newel proper will extend below floor level and be anchored into floor joists. A half newel is often used on landings. This may look the same, but doesn’t offer the same support as it is not so securely fitted.

Winders are steps that are narrower at one end, rather than being the same width all along. They are used to make a staircase turn a corner. A spiral staircase is entirely made up of winders. A kite winder is the middle step of three that are used to turn a 90 degree corner, as it is shaped like a kite.

A bullnose is the first step at the bottom of a flight that is wider than the rest of the stairs. It enables one or both sides of the staircase to be open and allows a curve of balusters which in turn forms a wider and more stable base.